If you build statues in the same world you will eventually get a statue of those dwarfs. Same with crafts, you will eventually get figurines of the dwarfs you want. You can build a big tomb (no bodies but whatever) as a monument and decorate it with statues and stockpiles with those figurines.
For a more dangerous area, try a freezing cold place, a boiling hot place, or any evil place. Look for purple woods and mountains, and gray and red mottled plains.
Extreme temperature will provide environmental difficulties, while evil areas will provide lots of things to fight.
To find magma, dig down. Avoid the special pillars since they go through the magma, or stick to the outer edge of one to find magma. If all else fails, use the Stonesense visualizer and shift-H to unHide the hidden stone. (This only unhides the stone in Stonesense, there are no dangers to your saved game)
Remember to never dig into the side of magma if you can help it. Channeling down or digging stairs down from above can safely reveal it.
For combat reports, press "r". The red C in the upper left corner shows up when there are combat reports. Each one shows details about who got hit where with what, etc, for each attack. Since your fort ended and you can't check the reports now, legends mode may show some details about the battle.
For lack of barrels, be careful not to over-gather or over-produce. Smaller, individual stockpiles help manage this. I put a "drink only" and a "prepared food only" stockpile in each main dining room, and cookables-only in my kitchen area, and plants-only in my brewing area. Remember a dwarf doesn't need a thousand drinks available when they are thirsty, they just need one.