Can nobles with a higher rank supersede orders from lower nobles?
Not yet, but individual nobles don't really give orders. Except maybe the manager.
And what about a dwarven Magna Carta as a step after introducing a king? A long held disapproval of the monarchy could have the dwarves force him out, or declare judges and a democratic government.
More dynamic political systems would be neat, but they're a separate topic that has been discussed elsewhere.
Actually this is sort of onto something... If Tantrum Spirals were instead handled as mobs... it would fit the setting better.
In general, there are two types of riots. One is a disorganized...bunch of people, all doing similar things but driven by their own impulses, likely unaware of much of the rest if the "mob". Current tantrum spirals model these as much as we would expect from emergent, alpha-stage behavior. This is excellent for various kinds of socioeconomic chaos. More organized mobs are for things like lynchings, revolutions, and the like--defined goals, with an obvious end-point. Where a mob transitions into a gang or an organization of some kind is arguable, as is the boundary between the two types of riots.