How is treating people based on things they have received as a culmination of their genetics and birthright fair?
Would you want to be operated on by a surgeon who is barely able to read?
What is being talked about is fairness of opportunity vs fairness of result. In an ideal meritocracy, the only criterion for advancing into a profession or field of study would be your ability to do the work of that profession or field of study. In a fair meritocracy, any inequality in the chance to gain that ability would be attacked mercilessly, but if you can't get the ability, you don't get to do that profession no matter how much you want it.
The ability to read is unlikely to have an effect on your ability to perform surgery. Indeed, just because you can read about a surgery, doesn't mean you know how to perform it...
Poor example, but your point was good.