^^ That. Unfortunately, women are still grossly underrepresented in those fields (at least, in the west. Ironically, in more patriarchal countries, the male/woman ratio in STEM fields is much closer to unity)
This is covered in several books, e.g. Susan Pinkers book
The Sexual Paradox. The idea that the two genders are
exactly the same and that only socialization makes a difference was in vogue 40 years ago, there's little clinical evidence to state we're identical.
In third-world countries, you have few choices, those with the talent pick the career which will make the most money. Funny enough, Scandinavian countries - those with inarguably the
best gender equity in the world have the
highest divide between stereo-typical male / female roles in work. Why are the countries with the broadest choice for females (with paid maternity leave, equal pay laws, and the whole rest)
more likely not less to show a divide between "typical" male/female roles?
Also, the gay / transgender argument that people "knew" their gender identity from birth, at odds with what society was telling them, seems to confirm that there is some level of personality traits which are inherent (probably from hormones exposed in the womb).
If we assume people are a "blank slate" with gender, we also would have to assume we're a blank slate with other personality traits.
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Consider something like
Oxytocin hormoneOxytocin is best known for its roles in sexual reproduction, in particular during and after childbirth. It is released in large amounts after distension of the cervix and uterus during labor, facilitating birth, and after stimulation of the nipples, facilitating breastfeeding.
Recent studies have begun to investigate oxytocin's role in various behaviors, including orgasm, social recognition, pair bonding, anxiety, and maternal behaviors. For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as the "love hormone". The inability to secrete oxytocin and feel empathy is linked to sociopathy, psychopathy, narcissism and general manipulativeness.
Empathy in healthy males has been shown to be increased after intranasal oxytocin. This is most likely due to the effect of oxytocin in enhancing eye gaze. There is some discussion about which aspect of empathy oxytocin might alter - for example, cognitive vs. emotional empathy.
Basically clinical trials of oxytocin on men showed that the experimental groups are measurably more able to recognize facial emotions than a control group. This hormone exists in much higher levels in females, which would seem to indicate female empathy is not just a socially learnt response.
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Whatever model we settle on in the future needs to account for both biology and socialization.
Or as we going to continue to say women don't know their own mind, but a "feminist" version of this now? How's that any less patriarchal than the old days? Now, we say that people are socialized from birth to "know their place" and women have internalized all the "you can't do that" stuff.
And we continue to exalt the "male" way of doing things as the "true" way. e.g. I was telling an older guy, a friend of a friend who's in the "arts" crowd, who disliked video games (he quoted GTA as a typical game) about games which were popular with both genders, e.g. "The Sims". He sniffed, "A glorified dolls house". So, even from someone who believed himself totally enlightened, that's bias against things women like.
Reminds me of a discussion we had once in the DF boards, why do more males play dwarf fortress than females. "The game is inherently sexist" was one answer, after further debate that'd shifted to "if only we brought females up properly they'd love dwarf fortress as much as men".