1. That won't work, because the U bend effect means one water level is lost to the bend. If the falling water had been standing water it would exert sufficient pressure to push the water up to the X. However, if there's nowhere for the water to go, pouring water down there will create pressure to get the water to move through the U.
If the water comes in from the side, i.e. flows on top of the water to the left side (or possibly on top of a floor in between with a hole down below the |) it will not push up into Y. If you drop it from above the | it will push up into Y when | is full and the water accumulates on top of that (the "Side" level).
Okay, did a bit of experimentation on a smaller scale, and while you're correct that one level would be lost to the bend, it seems the left side has to fully fill up before it will flow through the bend, which for practical applications is exactly what I wanted
2. Falling water does not exert a pressure, it's done by water piling up (which is close to the same thing). The question is a bit imprecise, so there are three answers.
a. If you carved a fortification at the same level as the "river" that "river" would drain through the fortification, and so your falling water would end up trying to fill up that draining river.
a was the scenario I meant, and it looks like a river source tile output water slightly slower than it drains off the map so unless the water output from an aquifer is higher (or I end up going with multiple waterfalls and misjudge the rate it drains off the map) I will probably have to apply the lesson from above and use a U-bend to fill up the "river" save for the very end
You're not doing the the dwarven way: You should first flood your fortress by accident and THEN as what you should have considered
Hey now, I can't flood it YET, even ignoring practical applications like there still being ~15 z-levels of the fortress to carve out before I'll even hit the aquifer that'll feed the river or how I currently lack a Monarch, the king/queen's throne room, or the planned 500x500x20 tile reservoir held back by a pair of artifact floodgates right behind the royal throne/royal lever that will wash said Monarch out of said throne room at the top of the 40 z-level central common area, the simple fact of the matter is I have to finish the last 2 z-levels of the external wall guarding the surface village of non-dwarves and those of ...undesirable/elf-like preferences which is located LOWER than the rest of the fortress thanks to the massive valley clift the fortress is built into, otherwise when the gates are raised the the fortress flooded, the water level in said village won't rise high enough to prevent survivors in the highest buildings.
Hmm... come to think of it I need to include something that will prevent the water from flowing over the village wall, otherwise we might have people washed out, does the thing about water not keeping pressure when flowing through diagonals hold true with floodgates/raised drawbridges?
And the fisherdwarf may be safe on his dock, will have to set that and the mine entrance up to collapse (in case there's any miners in the caverns where it'll be "Safe"), not sure what to do about he woodcutter, herbalist, or hunter though, unless I just make sure they're in the village when the lever is pulled