I like the idea of spheres, and that magic should be a rare/powerful occurance. Instead of spheres being "schools" of magic, however, spheres should be based off race, and centered around epic landmarks. I also agree with the idea that mages should be nobles, or an entity that doesn't take specific orders.
By "Heart of the Mountain" I refer to the suggestion thread that said that every mountain region should have a cluster of gems at its core called "The Heart of the Moutain". It would be immensely valuable, but mining it out would have terrible consequences. Adding on to that idea, this core could be a source of magic, but only for dwarves. Other races could get their magic from different kinds of landmarks; the elves an ancient tree, goblins get their's from the skull of an evil demi-god. Along with this distinction of the source of magic, would be a limitation on the types of magic usable by different races.
Dwarves would be skilled in manipulating metals, minerals, and in the case of the most skilled mages, the earth itself. Dwarven mages could inscribe runes (light giving, runes that prevent furniture destruction) on most anything with varying effects. More skilled mages could create golemns (at a great cost, possibly clockwork or stone; akin to strange moods). Ancient, wisened dwarven mages would have the ability to shape the earth itself( creating mini-chasms, small magma pools). To do these things, the dwarf would need to be near a Mountain Heart (the smaller magics might not require a mountain heart nearby, but the larger spells would be EXTREMELY costly, take a great toll on the mage, and possibly deplete the mountain heart's energies for many years)
The Elves would be channelers of the wiles of nature. Lesser Elven priests would have an affinity for animals and other beasts, which would follow the priest around and protect him/her. As the priest grew closer to the Mother Spirit, he/she could awaken the spirits of trees, and turn them into powerful treants which would fight to protect the priest and forest. The grand source for Elven magic could be ancient trees; trees that blot out the sun. When in the presence of these giants, the most venerable of High Priests could turn large swathes of forest into treants, or regrow a deforested area.
Goblin mages would be much like shamans. Lesser practitioners could hex their opponents, causing pain or other disabilities. As these shamans grew more powerful, they would gain the ability to cause physical damage through their curses. If a shaman lived many years and killed many opponents, he might be deemed worthy to carry the skull (or remains, or a possesion) of a past demon leader. The evil magics in the skull would empower the shaman to open a small, glowing pit. This pit could spawn a couple demons, or demoralize all surrounding enemies with the screams of tortured prisoners trapped happlessly inside.
Humans could posses a more traditional discipline of magic: force. Trainee mages would posses the ability to levitate small objects, or pull levers from a distance. As the mage grew more skilled, he would gain the ability to moved larger objects, and smaller objects more skillfully; possible even have a swordfight from afar! After manipulating space and time for many years, the mage would gain even greater powers. The old sage could hurl bolts of force (magic missile lol) at his opponents, and teleport himself about the field of battle. Using the magical power of several artifacts (I can't think of a good human landmark to be used as a power source, so artifacts will have to do) the mage could open a portal to another place, allowing troops to be transported great distances, possibly into the heart of an enemy fortress.
That's all I have for now. And yes, I know nobody wanted magic missiles or anything, but its an ability only usable by the "legendaries" of human mages. I think that is uncommon enough.