Dwarf fortress already is a wonderful teaching tool. Particularly, mathematical modeling and simulation of real-world systems. Here are a few examples:
1. Population dynamics, such as during worldgen, modeling succession, competition, and different life histories and how they play out, if you mess with their numbers.
2. Elements of RTS with competition from goblin sieges, for modeling everything from pathogen-immune system, to ecosystem dynamics, resource allocation, ect.
3. Modeling simple systems, such as liquid flow by probabilities, and resource flow in ecosystems. Also modeling for efficiency of building setups (I am surprised how often people do not make efficient use of z-levels)
4. I have never seen a better martian colony simulation then a fort on a glacier without a river. Just imagine your dwarves with space suits on and you are set.
Side note on alcohol: it is educationally important to keep this in. Clean water, as Randy mentioned, has historically been scarce in many places, that being one of the main reasons why many cultures drank lots of wine and beer. It helped avoid worms, cholera, dysentery, and many others, because the fermenters outcompete the pathogens (partly by making the environment unsuitable for them, partly by outnumbering them and killing/eating them).
Life isn't sterile, and prudish ways don't survive in survival settings. Keep the booze.