SAT is supposed to measure aptitude. Which is one of the most annoying things I find about how the USA views intelligence. It's not all about aptitude, most of 'intelligence' is about hard work. Asia runs almost solely on the 'hard work' principle, you have kids who have no attention span becoming doctors, lawyers, and engineers.
I'm not sure where you got that info from.
Most Asian countries (China, Taiwan, and Japan I know for sure) employ a nation-wide exam that tests you on just about every subject possible.
As a result, there's an industry for teaching specifically for these exams. The most commonly used method is simply straight up cramming and hoping you can pull out enough useless facts during the test. As a result, the students who spend the most time memorizing things they'll never need to know (we do it here too, but it's much much worse over there.) are the ones that get accepted into
high school.
There's a bunch of criticism about this, namely the fact that cramming info doesn't actually allow you to be effective at work, which resulted in well-educated individuals who aren't capable of fulfilling their job requirements (I don't think I got this across correctly, can't word it properly).
I was looking at some chinese newspapers on a flight from Shanghai the other day, and it had questions from their high school entrance exam, which was a huge (200+ Qs, with essays) test. It had:
World history/geography/culture:
which of the following cities would be least affected by global warming?
a) <city in netherlands>
b) New York
c) Paris
d) etc.
Math, fairly advanced geometry (I'd say it'd fit in well with the hard SAT math questions)
English (this is China), fairly basic, maybe first or second grade
Ancient Chinese Literature
Ancient chinese history
Recent history
Chemistry, biology, and a lot of Gees.
Most of this stuff isn't even taught until taught until high school in the US. This is a test for what would be kids finishing their 9th year (last year in middle school) to get
into high school.
Basically, they have the SAT on steroids.