Already ninjaed, but here's a visual guide for a (hypothetical) example of powering an underground screw-pump, with all the bells and whistles that I'd personally use in such a scenario.
All done in side-view, unless otherwise mentioned.
_______ Surface (ground level)
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__ ## Here you've got a water-source (left) and a place to pour it (right)
~~## ## and you're wanting the pump on the tiles between
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#######You need a vertical channel from the surface. However you get 'sideways' into each level (not shown, could be from in/out of the screen, in this view), you need to maintain full access to each level for the later building of the vertical axles. I suggest putting a stairway adjacent (inwards/outwards of this 'sideways slice') from the pump's eventual level to the layer beneath the ground. (It stops there to prevent adding another ingress possibility for hostiles, although in my full implementation you're going to be putting a wall on top of any stairwell that exits all the way to ground level, once finished
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###_### Just digging these out won't work, you need to channel them.
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___ ___ Don't forget to channel the ground level as well!
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###|### Put in the vertical axle above it...
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###|### Then the one above that...
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###|### Guess what...
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___*___ Put a gear here. You'll thank me for it...
###|### (It sits on top of the axles, like they do on each other/the pump.)
###|### ...and then set up a link between this and a lever, which you can place anywhere that you know is safe enough.
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___**__ Put a second gear next to it. This is supported by the ground.
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__O**O_ Build some walls round these pair of gears (also shown are the wall-top 'floors' above).
###|### (Would seal off that stairway, if you sent it out to ground level, but you'll have another exit.)
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#######Top view now...
,,,,,,, .......
,,OOOO, ..++++.
,,O**O, ..+..+.
,,OOOO, ..++++.
,,,,,,, .......
Ground Wall
level tops
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_/O**O_ Build a ramp up to the tops of the walls.
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#######Top views again...
,,,,,,, .......
,,OOOO, ..++++.
,▲O**O, .▼++.+. Add a floor
here (above the axles)
,,OOOO, ..++++. (Leave a gap for the floor-supported gear)
,,,,,,, .......
Ground Wall
level tops
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o Build your windmill, centred over the hole you left.
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_/O**O_
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...then remove that access ramp, when all is finished.
What you have now is a windmill supported by walls and powering a gear (which is
not linked to a lever), sitting atop a wall so that building destroyers (non-flying ones, leastwise) don't have access to it. The power is transferred via the second gear and down the axles to the pump. But,
importantly, if ever you find you're flooding your dining room, rather than sending a waterfall
past it,
pull that lever. The axle-top gear will idle (without affecting the windmill or anything, which will keep turning) and the axles will be unpowered, as will the pump. Then mop up, work out what went wrong, fix it and pull the lever again to start it again. (Or go "buggrit!" and try something else.
)
(Actually, you might be wiser to insert the "pull lever" instruction immediately after connecting it to the gear. When all is finished, "pull lever" again for a few seconds before ordering it off again (even before the flow's done anything improtant) and then see if the small flow of water you just released isn't doing anything unexpected. If it
looks Ok, then switch it on more permanently, but keep an eye on it and a dwarf near the lever,
just in case! )