I've never cared for extremely short weapons. Anything shorter than 50 and you have to practically clip into the other guy's model to hit. Meanwhile they're backpedaling just enough to stay out of your reach and their weapon is doing enough chip damage to wear you down. I think 75-80 is the best length for close quarters, short enough not to catch on things but still long enough to reach out and touch someone.
It seems like throwing weapons have gotten the best treatment so far, with no-shield polearms coming in at a close second. Bills and rhomphalias are devastating, but throwing weapons are much more viable than they used to be. In the past, you had maybe five chances to kill a guy with a throwing weapon, and unless you had a high proficiencies or the skills to land a headshot you would need at least two hits to do the job. I was initially decieved by how weak the practice javelins used in the arena were, but the real deal can kill a guy from range even with leg hits. Top that off with the perks that let you carry more and throwing weapons are actually useful this time around.
I personally recommend harpoons. I haven't had too much trouble getting ahold of some, and they do tremendous damage. If it's good enough to kill a whale, it's good enough to kill a human.
All of the daggers I've found so far have had a throwable secondary function. That's neat, gives them some added utility, but then you have to consider that there are dedicated throwing knives that come in bundles and get the same benefits as other throwing weapons. Why would I take one knife that cuts okay and can be thrown in a pinch over a dozen knives that don't cut as good but fly better?
I guess they could work for a civilian outfit as a backup weapon, but you could just use the perk that lets you equip throwing weapons on a civilian outfit, and they just seem completely worthless on a battlefield. The only reason I'd consider taking one in that case is if it didn't take up an equipment slot, but even then that's encumbrance I could do without. I just don't see the point.